
Over the past half-century, we have witnessed “faceless, fearless, and fierce dictators” throughout the world, notably in Africa, which is tied to and aggravated by populism and narcissism. A number of social, political, and economic difficulties have plagued postcolonial Africa, casting a negative light on the continent internationally in terms of its poor level of governance. The African political leaders’ role and the measures they have taken are at the heart of these encounters.